Scientists at the Bauru School of Dentistry at the University of São Paulo have engineered a lab-modified sugarcane protein capable of shielding teeth from decay. The breakthrough, detailed in the Journal of Dentistry, offers a potential solution for patients suffering from xerostomia, or chronic dry mouth.
The protein, dubbed CANECPI-5, acts by binding directly to tooth enamel. It creates a protective layer that mimics natural saliva, defending teeth against acids found in common beverages and stomach acid.
A shield against dental erosion
"We've developed a process in which CANECPI-5 binds directly to tooth enamel, helping to make teeth more resistant to the action of acids produced by bacteria," said researcher Natara Dias Gomes da Silva. The project was a collaboration involving institutions in Brazil, the United States, and South Korea.
Clinical tests conducted by the team showed that the protein performs best when combined with fluoride and xylitol. This combination significantly slowed the demineralization process, where teeth lose essential calcium and phosphate, and reduced overall bacterial activity.
This technology is particularly significant for cancer patients. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers often destroys salivary glands, leaving patients without natural protection against cavities and oral infections. Currently, there is no specialized product on the market to treat the severe dental damage these patients face.
"This is the first product that uses the concept of acquired pellicle to treat xerostomia," explained Professor Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf. "We use substances that will reformulate the composition of the proteins that bind to the teeth."
The team has already explored several delivery methods for the protein, including mouthwashes, gels, and orodispersible films that dissolve on the tongue. According to the researchers, the protein remains effective across all tested formats.
Development of CANECPI-5 originated from the Sugarcane Genome Project. Flávio Henrique Silva, a professor at the Federal University of São Carlos, noted that the protein was identified during research into cystatins, a family of proteins that inhibit harmful enzymes.
The research team has successfully patented the protein and is now seeking commercial partners to scale up production. Further testing is planned to refine the application of the technology for widespread clinical use.